Heavy Metal Estimation and Quality Assurance Parameters for Water Resources in the Northern Region of Pakistan

The current study investigates the water quality parameters of drinking resources in District Neelam (DNLM), Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK), Northwestern Pakistan. studied area has been recently reported with many waterborne diseases, which probed this analytical study. samples were aseptically collected from springs, taps, and surface bodies. parameters, such as physical, microbiological, anions, heavy metals, tested. Results showed that electrical conductance (EC) total dissolved solids (TDS), 974.60 µS/cm 912.10 mg/L, respectively, exacerbating DNLM. For microbial testing, we used 3M-Petrifilms a detection source, could separate coliform bacteria E. coli by creating unique chromophores. Out sixty samples, 76% had bacterial contamination. Nitrite, nitrate, phosphate (9.8, 15.0, 15.1 mg/L), also surpassing safe limits World Health Organization (WHO) standards for measurement. i.e., As, Cr, Cu, Pb tested analysis. Cr (0.04 mg/L 0.06 mg/L) exceeded guidelines WHO more than 50% major pollutant Poor waste management, open sludge discharge, lack municipality measures, mineral leaching into freshwaters DNLM due to mining metal extraction processes main sources pollution region. inorganic pollutants responsible sudden rise different malignancies other fatal diseases (vital organ failures reproductive disorders) region, not past. investigation yielded useful baseline data reserves NW Pakistan help develop techniques mitigation present